The Ha Nhi ethnic group has different names such as U Ni, Xa, Khua, Di and A Kha. They mostly live in Muong Te district in Lai Chau province, and Bat Xat district in Lao Cai province, both in the northern mountainous region.
The San Diu ethnic minority group has approximately 94,000 individuals living mostly in the northern provinces of Quang Ninh, Bac Giang, Bac Can, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc, Tuyen Quang and Hai Duong.
The La Chi ethnic minority group has approximately 8,000 individuals, living mostly in the northern mountainous province of Ha Giang. The La Chi settle on the slopes of mountains, forming hamlets of between five and 10 houses. The house is half built on stilts above the ground, on a slope with a two- sectioned roof on different levels.
